What are the types of defects?
There are three types of defects: Wrong,
missing, and extra.
Wrong: These defects are occurred due to requirements
have been implemented incorrectly.
Missing: It is used to specify the missing things,
i.e., a specification was not implemented, or the requirement of the customer
was not appropriately noted. This is a case where customer’s provided
requirement might be missed or not properly noted. So the customer is not
served, in the end, with his requirement.
Extra: This is an extra facility incorporated into
the product that was not given by the end customer. It is always a variance
from the specification but may be an attribute that was desired by the
customer. However, it is considered as a defect because of the variance from
the user requirements
What is Defect Cascading in Software Testing?
Defect
cascading in Software testing means triggering of other defects in an
application. When a defect is not identified or goes unnoticed while testing,
it invokes other defects. It leads to multiple defects in the later stages and
results in an increase in a number of defects in the application.
For
example, if there is a defect in an accounting system related to negative
taxation then the negative taxation defect affects the ledger which in turn
affects other reports such as Balance Sheet, Profit & Loss etc.
What’s the difference between a bug and a
defect?
A bug is a just fault in the software that’s detected
during testing time. A defect is a variance between expected results and actual
results, detected by the developer after the product goes live.
·
Defect – This is what
if software misses any function or feature which are there in requirement list,
then this is known as a defect.
·
Bug – A bug is a flaw
or a failure in a system that causes it to yield an unexpected or incorrect
result.
What are some defect reporting
attributes?
Ans. Some of the attributes of a Defect report are-
- Defect ID – A unique identifier
of the defect.
- Defect Summary – A one-line
summary of the defect, more like a defect title.
- Defect Description – A detailed
description of the defect.
- Steps to reproduce – The steps
to reproduce the defect.
- Expected Result – The expected
behavior from which the application is deviating because of the defect.
- Actual Result- The current
erroneous state of the application w.r.t. the defect.
- Defect Severity – Based on the
criticality of the defect, this field can be set to minor, medium, major
or show stopper.
- Priority – Based on the urgency of the defect, this field can be set on a scale of P0 to P3
A slip in coding is indicated as an error. The error spotted by a manual tester becomes a defect. The defect which the development team admits is known as a bug. If a built code misses on the requirements, then it is a functional failure.
What is the average age of a defect in
software testing?
Defect age is the time
elapsed between the day the tester discovered a defect and the day the
developer got it fixed.
While estimating the
age of a defect, consider the following points:
·
The day of birth
of a defect is the day it got assigned and accepted by the development
team.
·
The issues which got
dropped are out of the scope.
·
Age can be both in
hours or days.
·
The end time is the
day the defect got verified and closed, not just the day it got fixed by the
development team.
What are the most common
components of a defect report?
The
most common components of a defect report format include the following
- Project
Name
- Module
Name
- Defect
ID
- Defect
detected on
- Defect
detected by
- Priority
- Severity
- Defect
resolved on
- Defect resolved by
What is Defect clustering?
Defect
clustering in software testing means that a small module or functionality
contains most of the bugs or it has the most operational failures.
What is the difference between a bug, a defect and an error?
Bug – A bug is a fault in the software that’s detected during testing
time. They occur because of some
coding error and leads a program to malfunction. They may also lead to a
functional issue in the product. These are fatal errors that could block a
functionality, results in a crash, or cause performance bottlenecks
Defect – A defect is a
variance between expected results and actual results, detected by the developer
after the product goes live. Defect
is an error found AFTER the application goes into production. In simple terms,
it refers to several troubles with the software products, with its external
behavior or with its internal features.
Error – An error is a mistake, misunderstanding, or
misconception, on the part of a software developer. The category of developer
includes software engineers, programmers, analysts, and testers. For example, a
developer may misunderstand a design notation, or a programmer might type a
variable name incorrectly – leads to an error. An error normally arises in
software, it leads to change the functionality of the program
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